Service Location Working Group Pete St. Pierre INTERNET DRAFT Sun Microsystems Expires 19 August 1999 Scott Isaccson Novell Ira McDonald High North 19 February 1999 Definition of printer: URLs for use with Service Location Status of This Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." To view the list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories, see http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Abstract This document is a submission to the Service Location Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments should be submitted to the srvloc@srvloc.org mailing list. This document defines the 'printer' service type and the attributes associated with it. This 'printer' service template is designed to be used in conjunction with the Service Location Protocol, Version 2 [13], but it may be used with any directory service which supports attribute/value pair registration. The 'printer' service type is specified as an abstract service type. It is expected that printers advertised with the 'printer' service type may be accessible by one or more protocols. IPP [3] and LPR [2] are two examples of printing protocols that may be used to perform the actual printing. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 1] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................... 3 2. Terminology ................................................ 3 3. urlpath Definition ......................................... 4 3.1. IPP .................................................... 4 3.2. LPR .................................................... 4 4. Printer Service Template ................................... 5 5. Summary of Required Attributes ............................. 13 6. Summary of Attribute Origins ............................... 14 7. IANA Considerations ........................................ 15 8. Internationalization Considerations ........................ 15 9. Security Considerations .................................... 15 10. References ................................................ 16 11. Acknowledgments ........................................... 17 12. Authors' Addresses ........................................ 17 13. Full Copyright Statement .................................. 18 St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 2] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 1. Introduction Service Type templates are used to describe in a standard way those services which use the 'service:' URL. The template described in this document is an abstract type that includes concrete types such as the printing protocol defined in RFC 1179 [2], "Line Printer Daemon Protocol". The service type for this 'service:' URL is 'printer'. The 'printer:' service URL scheme supports consistent registration of printer services. The attributes described within this document are derived from previous specifications developed by the IETF IPP WG and IETF Printer MIB WG. The attributes specified are intended to facilitate both automatic as well as manual selection of services, not to provide service statistics or notification. In short, the target audience of service attributes are users, either software agents or end users. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [14]. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 3] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 3. urlpath Definition The 'printer' type is an abstract service type. Because an abstract service type may contain one of many concrete types, the 'urlpath' associated with a 'printer:' service URL may vary. Two types of printers that are expected to be common in printer URLs are IPP and LPR. 3.1. IPP An IPP printer MAY support several underlying transport protocols. The definition of an IPP Printer object is specified in "IPP/1.1 Model and Semantics" [3]. The definition of an IPP printer concrete URL is specified in "IPP/1.1 Encoding and Transport" [9]. Examples of valid 'service:' URLs for IPP printers include: service:printer:ipp://server.sun.com/cgi-bin/public-printer service:printer:ipp://foo.sun.com/printers?public-printer 3.2. LPR An LPR accessible printer MAY include a queue name as the last part of the URL. If the queue name is absent, the print server is assumed to use a default print queue. The definition of an LPR printer concrete URL is specified in this document, in the 'printer' service template. Examples of valid 'service:' URLs for LPR printers include: service:printer:lpr://server.sun.com service:printer:lpr://server.sun.com/public-printer St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 4] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 4. Printer Service Template The 'printer' service template defined below conforms to the grammar described in "Service Templates and service: Schemes". Please refer to [4] for detailed explanation of the syntax. Name of submitters: Pete St. Pierre Scott Isaacson Ira McDonald Language of service template: en (English) Security Considerations: By advertising the security methods associated with each supported printer URL via the mandatory attributes 'printer-uri-supported' and 'uri-security-supported', the printer may expose information useful to attackers. Some security method, such as SLP security, should be used to authenticate service advertisements. Template Text: -------------------- template begins here -------------------- template-type = printer template-version = 0.3 template-description = The 'printer' service template describes the attributes supported by network printing devices. Devices may be either directly connected to a network or managed by a print server. The device or server understands one or more network print protocols such as IPP or LPR. template-url-syntax = url-path = ippurl / lprurl ippurl = IPP URL as defined in [9] lprurl = "lpr://" hostport [ "/" qname ] hostport = host [ ":" port ] host = hostname / hostnumber hostname = *( domainlavel "." ) toplabel domainlabel = alphanum / alphanum * [alphanum / "-"] alphanum toplabel = alpha / alpha * [alphanum / "-"] alphanum hostnumber = ipv4-number / ipv6-number ipv4-number = 1*3digit 3*3("." 1*3digit) ipv6-number = 32*hex 3digit = digit digit digit port = 1*digit alphanum = alpha / digit alpha = "a" / "b" / "c" / "d" / "e" / "f" / "g" / St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 5] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 "h" / "i" / "j" / "k" / "l" / "m" / "n" / "o" / "p" / "q" / "r" / "s" / "t" / "u" / "v" / "w" / "x" / "y" / "z" / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" / "E" / "F" / "G" / "H" / "I" / "J" / "K" / "L" / "M" / "N" / "O" / "P" / "Q" / "R" / "S" / "T" / "U" / "V" / "W" / "X" / "Y" / "Z" digit = "0" / "1" / "2" / "3" / "4" / "5" / "6" / "7" / "8" / "9" printer-uri-supported = STRING L # MANDATORY for all registrations by conforming SAs # IPP 'printer-uri-supported' # The ORDERED list of URI supported by this printer, # correlated with the 'uri-security-supported' attribute, # with each member delimited by '>', for example: # 'lpr://foo.com> ipp://bar.com' uri-security-supported = STRING L # MANDATORY for all registrations by conforming SAs # IPP 'uri-security-supported' # The ORDERED list of security supported for each URI # listed in 'printer-uri-supported' for this printer, # with each member delimited by '>', for example: # 'none> tls' # (see example of 'printer-uri-supported' above) # URIs that do not support security shall specify 'none'. # Legal values are 'none', 'ssl3', and 'tls' [3]. printer-name = STRING # MANDATORY for all registrations by conforming SAs # IPP 'printer-name' # This attribute contains the name of this printer, # in the locale specified by 'natural-language-configured'. # This name MAY be the last part of the printer's URI or it # MAY be completely unrelated. # This name MAY contain characters that are not allowed in a # conventional URI (which conforms to RFC 2396). # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. printer-location = STRING O unknown # IPP 'printer-location' # This attribute contains the location of this printer, # in the locale specified by 'natural-language-configured'. # A free form description of this printer's physical # location. For example: '2nd floor, near the fire escape' # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 6] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 printer-info = STRING O unknown # IPP 'printer-info' # This attribute contains descriptive info on this printer, # in the locale specified by 'natural-language-configured'. # A free form string that may contain any site-specific # descriptive information about this printer. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. printer-more-info = STRING L O unknown # IPP 'printer-more-info' # A URI used to obtain more information about this specific # printer. For example, this could be an 'http:' URI # referencing an HTML page accessible to a Web Browser. # The information obtained from this URI is intended for # end user consumption. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. printer-make-and-model = STRING O unknown # IPP 'printer-make-and-model' # This attribute contains the make & model of this printer, # in the locale specified by 'natural-language-configured'. # A simple text string defined by the manufacturer. # It should provide the name of the vendor and the model # name or number. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. natural-language-configured = STRING L # MANDATORY for all registrations by conforming SAs # IPP 'natural-language-configured' # The configured language in which error and status messages # will be generated (by default) by this printer, # for example en-US, fr-FR, etc. # Also, the language in which printer string attributes are # set by operator or system administrator or manufacturer, # such as IPP 'printer-[name|info|location|make-and-model]'. # Legal values of language tags conform to RFC 1766 # 'Tags for the Identification of Languages' [5]. natural-language-supported = STRING L M # MANDATORY for all registrations by conforming SAs # IPP 'generated-natural-language-supported' # The possible languages in which error and status messages # may be generated (if requested) by this printer, # for example en-US, fr-FR, etc. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 7] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 # Also, the languages in which printer string attributes are # set by operator or system administrator or manufacturer, # such as IPP 'printer-[name|info|location|make-and-model]'. # Legal values of language tags conform to RFC 1766 # 'Tags for the Identification of Languages' [5]. charset-configured = STRING L O utf-8 # IPP 'charset-configured' # The configured charset in which error and status messages # will be generated (by default) by this printer, # for example UTF-8, Shift-JIS, or ISO-8859-1 (Latin1). # Also, the charset in which printer string attributes are # set by operator or system administrator or manufacturer, # such as IPP 'printer-[name|info|location|make-and-model]'. # Legal values of charset tags (names/aliases) come from # the IANA Registry of Coded Character Sets [6]. # The name or alias labeled '(preferred MIME name)' shall # always be used to identify a given charset. charset-supported = STRING L M O utf-8 # IPP 'charset-supported' # The possible charsets in which error and status messages # may be generated (if requested) by this printer, # for example UTF-8, Shift-JIS, or ISO-8859-1 (Latin1). # Also, the charsets in which printer string attributes are # set by operator or system administrator or manufacturer, # such as IPP 'printer-[name|info|location|make-and-model]'. # Legal values of charset tags (names/aliases) come from # the IANA Registry of Coded Character Sets [6]. # The name or alias labeled '(preferred MIME name)' shall # always be used to identify a given charset. # This attribute shall always include the value 'utf-8', per # RFC 2277, 'IETF Policy on Charsets and Languages' [12]. document-format-supported = STRING L M # MANDATORY for all registrations by conforming SAs # IPP 'document-format-supported' # The possible document formats in which data may be # interpreted and printed by this printer. # Legal values of document formats (MIME types) come from # the IANA Registry of Internet Media Types [11]. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. color-supported = STRING L O unknown # IPP 'color-supported' # Indicates whether this printer is capable of any type of # color printing at all, including highlight color. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 8] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 # This template attribute is an extended boolean. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. unknown, true, false finishings-supported = STRING L M O none # IPP 'finishings-supported' # The possible finishing operations supported by this # printer. # Legal values of this attribute are defined in [3]. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'none'. none, staple, punch, cover, bind, saddle-stitch, edge-stitch, staple-top-left, staple-bottom-left, staple-top-right, staple-bottom-right, edge-stitch-left, edge-stitch-top, edge-stitch-right, edge-stitch-bottom, staple-dual-left, staple-dual-top, staple-dual-right, staple-dual-bottom number-up-supported = INTEGER M O 1 # IPP 'number-up-supported' # The possible numbers of print-stream pages to impose # upon a single side of an instance of a selected # medium. # Legal values of this attribute include 1, 2, and 4 [3]. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to '1'. sides-supported = STRING L M O one-sided # IPP 'sides-supported' # (Compare with Salutation 'duplex-mode') # The number of impression sides (one or two) and the # two-sided impression rotations supported by this printer. # Salutation 'simplex' == IPP 'one-sided' # Salutation 'duplex' == IPP 'two-sided-long-edge' # Salutation 'tumble' == IPP 'two-sided-short-edge' # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'one-sided'. one-sided, two-sided-long-edge, two-sided-short-edge media-supported = STRING L M O unknown # IPP 'media-supported' - only the standard keyword values # The standard names/types/sizes (and optional color # suffixes) of the media supported by this printer. # The values specified are NOT localized according to the St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 9] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 # value of 'natural-language-configured', but are in a # fixed locale of 'en-US' (US English). For example # 'iso-a4' or 'envelope' or 'na-letter-white'. # Legal values of this attribute conform to ISO 10175 # 'Document Printing Application (DPA)' [10], # plus any IANA registered extensions, per [3]. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. media-local-supported = STRING M O unknown # IPP 'media-supported' - only site-specific name values # Site-specific names of media supported by this printer, # in the locale specified by 'natural-language-configured'. # For example 'purchasing-form' (site-specific name) # as opposed to 'na-letter' (standard keyword from [10]). # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. printer-resolution-supported = STRING L M O unknown # IPP 'printer-resolution-supported' # (Compare with 'printer-uri-supported' in this template) # The unordered list of resolutions supported for printing # documents by this printer. # Each resolution supported is a string with 3 elements: # 1) Crossfeed direction resolution (positive integer) # 2) Feed direction resolution (positive integer) # 3) Resolution unit (enumerated value - see below) # Each resolution element is delimited by '>', for example: # '300> 300> dpi>, 600> 600> dpi>' # Legal values of resolution unit are 'dpi' (dots per inch) # and 'dpcm' (dots per centimeter) [3]. # These values are derived from the Printer MIB [6]. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. copies-supported = INTEGER O -1 # IPP 'copies-supported' # The maximum number of copies of a document # that may be printed as a single job. # A value of -1 indicates unknown. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to '-1'. job-k-octets-supported = INTEGER O -1 # IPP 'job-k-octets-supported' # The maximum size, in kilobytes, of a print job that # this printer will accept. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 10] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 # A value of -1 indicates unknown. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to '-1'. pages-per-minute = INTEGER O -1 # IPP 'pages-per-minute' # The nominal number of pages per minute which may be # output by this printer (e.g., simplex, black-and-white). # This attribute is informative, NOT a service guarantee. # Typically, it is the value used in marketing literature # to describe this printer. # A value of -1 indicates unknown. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to '-1'. pages-per-minute-color = INTEGER O -1 # IPP 'pages-per-minute-color' # The nominal number of color pages per minute which may be # output by this printer (e.g., simplex, color). # This attribute is informative, NOT a service guarantee. # Typically, it is the value used in marketing literature # to describe this printer. # A value of -1 indicates unknown. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to '-1'. job-priority-supported = STRING L O unknown # IPP 'job-priority-supported' # (Compare with Salutation 'priority-levels-supported') # Indicates whether job priority scheduling is supported. # An IPP conformant printer which supports job priority # must always support a full range of priorities from # '1' to '100' (to ensure consistent behavior), therefore # this template attribute is an extended boolean. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. unknown, true, false printer-current-operator = STRING M O unknown # Printer MIB 'prtGeneralCurrentOperator' # The name of the current human operator responsible for # operating this printer. It is suggested that this string # include information that would enable other humans to # reach the operator, such as a phone number. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 11] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 printer-service-person = STRING M O unknown # Printer MIB 'prtGeneralServicePerson' # The name of the current service person responsible for # servicing this printer. It is suggested that this string # include information that would enable other humans to # reach the service person, such as a phone number. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. delivery-orientation-supported = STRING L O unknown # Printer MIB 'prtOutputPageDeliveryOrientation' # The possible delivery orientations of pages as they are # printed and ejected from this printer. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. unknown, face-up, face-down stacking-order-supported = STRING L M O unknown # Printer MIB 'prtOutputStackingOrder' # (Compare with Salutation 'paper-output') # The possible stacking order of pages as they are printed # and ejected from this printer. # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. unknown, first-to-last, last-to-first output-features-supported = STRING L M O unknown # Printer MIB 'prtOutputFeaturesGroup' # (Compare with Salutation 'paper-output') # The possible output features supported by this printer. # 'bursting' == Printer MIB 'prtOutputBursting' # 'decollating' == Printer MIB 'prtOutputDecollating' # 'page-collating' == Printer MIB 'prtOutputPageCollated' # 'offset-stacking' == Printer MIB 'prtOutputOffestStacking' # If this printer information is not known to the SA, # then this attribute shall always be set to 'unknown'. unknown, bursting, decollating, page-collating, offset-stacking -------------------- template ends here ---------------------- St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 12] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 5. Summary of Required Attributes The purpose of having attributes associated with a 'service:' URL is to provide a dynamic search capability to service location clients. It is not intended to burden server implementations with additional information to provide in a registration. For this reason, only a a small subset (6) of the attributes defined in this template are required in compliant service registrations. Mandatory Optional --------- -------- printer-uri-supported printer-location uri-security-supported printer-info printer-name printer-more-info natural-language-configured printer-make-and-model natural-language-supported charset-configured document-format-supported charset-supported color-supported finishings-supported number-up-supported sides-supported media-supported media-local-supported printer-resolution-supported copies-supported job-k-octets-supported pages-per-minute job-priority-supported printer-current-operator printer-service-person delivery-orientation-supported stacking-order-supported output-features-supported St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 13] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 6. Summary of Attribute Origins The following table summarizes all of the attributes in the 'printer' service template and their origins. This table does NOT include the 'template-xxx' standard attributes defined in "Service Templates and service: Schemes" [4] and required for all 'service:' templates. Attribute Name IPP[3] Printer MIB[6] printer-uri-supported X uri-security-supported X printer-name X printer-location X printer-info X printer-more-info X printer-make-and-model X natural-language-configured X natural-language-supported X charset-configured X charset-supported X document-format-supported X color-supported X finishings-supported X number-up-supported X sides-supported X media-supported X media-local-supported X printer-resolution-supported X copies-supported X job-k-octets-supported X pages-per-minute X pages-per-minute-color X job-priority-supported X printer-current-operator X printer-service-person X delivery-orientation-supported X stacking-order-supported X output-features-supported X St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 14] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 7. IANA Considerations Registration of this 'printer' service template will follow the procedures defined in section 4 'A Procedure for Standardizing New Service Types' and section 5 'IANA Considerations' of "Service Templates and service: Schemes" [4]. 8. Internationalization Considerations All attribute values in registrations using this 'printer' service template MUST be encoded in UTF-8 characters, as required by "Service Location Protocol, Version 2" [13]. Thus, all registrations using this 'printer' service template conform to "IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages" [12]. 9. Security Considerations When used with SLPv2, this 'printer' service template inherits all of the security issues described in section 17 'Security Considerations' of "Service Location Protocol, Version 2" [13]. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 15] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 10. References [1] J. Veizades, E. Guttman, C. Perkins, S. Kaplan. Service Location Protocol, RFC 2165, June 1997. [2] L. McLaughlin. Line Printer Daemon Protocol, RFC 1179, August 1990. [3] R. deBry, T. Hastings, R. Herriot, S. Isaacson, P. Powell. IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics, (work in progress), February 1999. [4] E. Guttman, C. Perkins, J. Kempf. Service Templates and service: Schemes, (work in progress), February 1999 [5] H. Alvestrand. Tags for the Identification of Languages, RFC 1766. March 1995. [6] IANA Registry of Coded Character Sets: ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets. [7] R. Smith, F. Wright, T. Hastings, S. Zilles, J. Gyllenskog. Printer MIB, RFC 1759, March 1995. [8] Salutation Consortium, Inc. Salutation Architecture Specification V2.0, December 1996. [9] R. Herriot, S. Butler, P. Moore, R. Turner. IPP/1.1: Encoding and Transport, (work in progress), February 1999. [10] Information Technology - Document Printing Application (DPA), ISO/IEC 10175, June 1996. [11] IANA Registry of Internet Media Types (also called MIME types): ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types [12] H. Alvestrand. IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages, RFC 2277, January 1998. [13] E. Guttman, C. Perkins, J. Veizades, M. Day. Service Location Protocol, Version 2, (work in progress), February 1999. [14] S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, RFC 2119, March 1997. St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 16] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 11. Acknowledgments This document is a product of the Service Location Working group. Thanks go out to Jean Beha (Xerox), Jim Erwin (Novell), Tom Hastings (Xerox), Bob Herriot (Xerox), James Kempf (Sun), Hugo Parra (Novell), Todd Rupper (Novell), and Randy Turner (Sharp). The IETF IPP Working Group's work on directory registration requirements for IPP printers the primary input to the current version of this 'printer' service template. 12. Authors' Addresses Questions about this memo can be directed to: Pete St. Pierre Sun Microsystems 901 San Antonio Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94043 USA Phone: 650-786-5790 EMail: Pete.StPierre@eng.sun.com Scott Isaccson Novell 122 E 1700 S Provo, UT 84606 USA Phone: 801-861-7366 EMail: sisaacson@novell.com Ira McDonald High North 221 Ridge Ave Grand Marais, MI 49839 USA Phone: 906-494-2434 (or 2697) Email: imcdonal@sdsp.mc.xerox.com St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 17] Internet Draft 'printer' Service Template 19 February 1999 13. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE." St. Pierre, Isaacson, McDonald Expires 19 August 1999 [Page 18]