INTERNET-DRAFT Robert Herriot (editor) Sun Microsystems Sylvan Butler Hewlett-Packard Paul Moore Microsoft Randy Turner Sharp Labs November 16, 1998 Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress". To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check the "1id-abstracts.txt" listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow Directories on ftp.is.co.za (Africa), nic.nordu.net (Europe), munnari.oz.au (Pacific Rim), ds.internic.net (US East Coast), or ftp.isi.edu (US West Coast). Copyright Notice Copyright (C)The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document is one of a set of documents, which together describe all aspects of a new Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). IPP is an application level protocol that can be used for distributed printing using Internet tools and technologies. This document defines the rules for encoding IPP operations and IPP attributes into a new Internet mime media type called "application/ipp". This document also defines the rules for transporting over HTTP a message body whose Content-Type is "application/ipp". The full set of IPP documents includes: Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol [ipp-req] Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol [ipp-rat] Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics [ipp-mod] Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 1] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport (this document) Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Implementer's Guide [ipp-iig] Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols [ipp-lpd] The document, "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol", takes a broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates real-life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be included in a printing protocol for the Internet. It identifies requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and administrators. It calls out a subset of end user requirements that are satisfied in IPP/1.0. Operator and administrator requirements are out of scope for version 1.0. The document, "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol", describes IPP from a high level view, defines a roadmap for the various documents that form the suite of IPP specifications, and gives background and rationale for the IETF working group's major decisions. The document, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics", describes a simplified model with abstract objects, their attributes, and their operations. It introduces a Printer and a Job object. The Job object supports multiple documents per Job. It also addresses security, internationalization, and directory issues. This document "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Implementer's Guide", gives advice to implementers of IPP clients and IPP objects. The document "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols" gives some advice to implementers of gateways between IPP and LPD (Line Printer Daemon) implementations. Notice The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 2] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Table of Contents 1. Introduction........................................................4 2. Conformance Terminology.............................................4 3. Encoding of the Operation Layer....................................4 3.1 Picture of the Encoding .......................................5 3.2 Syntax of Encoding ............................................7 3.3 Version-number ................................................8 3.4 Operation-id ..................................................8 3.5 Status-code ...................................................9 3.6 Request-id ....................................................9 3.7 Tags ..........................................................9 3.7.1 Delimiter Tags ...........................................9 3.7.2 Value Tags ..............................................10 3.8 Name-Length ..................................................12 3.9 (Attribute) Name .............................................12 3.10 Value Length .................................................14 3.11 (Attribute) Value ............................................15 3.12 Data .........................................................16 4. Encoding of Transport Layer........................................16 5. Security Considerations............................................17 6. References.........................................................18 7. Author's Address...................................................19 8. Other Participants:................................................20 9. Appendix A: Protocol Examples......................................20 9.1 Print-Job Request ............................................20 9.2 Print-Job Response (successful) ..............................21 9.3 Print-Job Response (failure) .................................22 9.4 Print-URI Request ............................................23 9.5 Create-Job Request ...........................................24 9.6 Get-Jobs Request .............................................25 9.7 Get-Jobs Response ............................................26 10.Appendix B: Hints to implementers using IPP with SSL3 .............27 11.Appendix C: Registration of MIME Media Type Information for "application/ipp".....................................................28 12.Appendix D: Full Copyright Statement ..............................29 Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 3] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 1. Introduction This document contains the rules for encoding IPP operations and describes two layers: the transport layer and the operation layer. The transport layer consists of an HTTP/1.1 request or response. RFC 2068 [rfc2068] describes HTTP/1.1. This document specifies the HTTP headers that an IPP implementation supports. The operation layer consists of a message body in an HTTP request or response. The document "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics" [ipp-mod] defines the semantics of such a message body and the supported values. This document specifies the encoding of an IPP operation. The aforementioned document [ipp-mod] is henceforth referred to as the "IPP model document" 2. Conformance Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [rfc2119]. 3. Encoding of the Operation Layer The operation layer MUST contain a single operation request or operation response. Each request or response consists of a sequence of values and attribute groups. Attribute groups consist of a sequence of attributes each of which is a name and value. Names and values are ultimately sequences of octets The encoding consists of octets as the most primitive type. There are several types built from octets, but three important types are integers, character strings and octet strings, on which most other data types are built. Every character string in this encoding MUST be a sequence of characters where the characters are associated with some charset and some natural language. . A character string MUST be in "reading order" with the first character in the value (according to reading order) being the first character in the encoding. A character string whose associated charset is US-ASCII whose associated natural language is US English is henceforth called a US-ASCII-STRING. A character string whose associated charset and natural language are specified in a request or response as described in the model document is henceforth called a LOCALIZED-STRING. An octet string MUST be in "IPP model document order" with the first octet in the value (according to the IPP model document order) being the first octet in the encoding Every integer in this encoding MUST be encoded as a signed integer using two's-complement binary encoding with big-endian format (also known as "network order" and "most significant byte first"). The number of octets for an integer MUST be 1, 2 or 4, depending on usage in the protocol. Such one-octet integers, henceforth called SIGNED-BYTE, are used for the version-number and tag fields. Such two-byte integers, henceforth called Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 4] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 SIGNED-SHORT are used for the operation-id, status-code and length fields. Four byte integers, henceforth called SIGNED-INTEGER, are used for values fields and the sequence number. The following two sections present the operation layer in two ways . informally through pictures and description . formally through Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF), as specified by RFC 2234 [rfc2234] 3.1 Picture of the Encoding The encoding for an operation request or response consists of: ----------------------------------------------- | version-number | 2 bytes - required ----------------------------------------------- | operation-id (request) | | or | 2 bytes - required | status-code (response) | ----------------------------------------------- | request-id | 4 bytes - required ----------------------------------------------------------- | xxx-attributes-tag | 1 byte | ----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more | xxx-attribute-sequence | n bytes | ----------------------------------------------------------- | end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required ----------------------------------------------- | data | q bytes - optional ----------------------------------------------- The xxx-attributes-tag and xxx-attribute-sequence represents four different values of "xxx", namely, operation, job, printer and unsupported. The xxx-attributes-tag and an xxx-attribute-sequence represent attribute groups in the model document. The xxx-attributes-tag identifies the attribute group and the xxx-attribute-sequence contains the attributes. The expected sequence of xxx-attributes-tag and xxx-attribute-sequence is specified in the IPP model document for each operation request and operation response. A request or response SHOULD contain each xxx-attributes-tag defined for that request or response even if there are no attributes except for the unsupported-attributes-tag which SHOULD be present only if the unsupported-attribute-sequence is non-empty. A receiver of a request MUST be able to process as equivalent empty attribute groups: a) an xxx-attributes-tag with an empty xxx-attribute-sequence, b) an expected but missing xxx-attributes-tag. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 5] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 The data is omitted from some operations, but the end-of-attributes-tag is present even when the data is omitted. Note, the xxx-attributes-tags and end-of-attributes-tag are called `delimiter-tags'. Note: the xxx- attribute-sequence, shown above may consist of 0 bytes, according to the rule below. An xxx-attributes-sequence consists of zero or more compound-attributes. ----------------------------------------------- | compound-attribute | s bytes - 0 or more ----------------------------------------------- A compound-attribute consists of an attribute with a single value followed by zero or more additional values. Note: a `compound-attribute' represents a single attribute in the model document. The `additional value' syntax is for attributes with 2 or more values. Each attribute consists of: ----------------------------------------------- | value-tag | 1 byte ----------------------------------------------- | name-length (value is u) | 2 bytes ----------------------------------------------- | name | u bytes ----------------------------------------------- | value-length (value is v) | 2 bytes ----------------------------------------------- | value | v bytes ----------------------------------------------- An additional value consists of: ----------------------------------------------------------- | value-tag | 1 byte | ----------------------------------------------- | | name-length (value is 0x0000) | 2 bytes | ----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more | value-length (value is w) | 2 bytes | ----------------------------------------------- | | value | w bytes | ----------------------------------------------------------- Note: an additional value is like an attribute whose name-length is 0. From the standpoint of a parsing loop, the encoding consists of: Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 6] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 ----------------------------------------------- | version-number | 2 bytes - required ----------------------------------------------- | operation-id (request) | | or | 2 bytes - required | status-code (response) | ----------------------------------------------- | request-id | 4 bytes - required ----------------------------------------------------------- | tag (delimiter-tag or value-tag) | 1 byte | ----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more | empty or rest of attribute | x bytes | ----------------------------------------------------------- | end-of-attributes-tag | 2 bytes - required ----------------------------------------------- | data | y bytes - optional ----------------------------------------------- The value of the tag determines whether the bytes following the tag are: . attributes . data . the remainder of a single attribute where the tag specifies the type of the value. 3.2 Syntax of Encoding The syntax below is ABNF [rfc2234] except `strings of literals' MUST be case sensitive. For example `a' means lower case `a' and not upper case `A'. In addition, SIGNED-BYTE and SIGNED-SHORT fields are represented as `%x' values which show their range of values. ipp-message = ipp-request / ipp-response ipp-request = version-number operation-id request-id *(xxx-attributes-tag xxx-attribute-sequence) end-of- attributes-tag data ipp-response = version-number status-code request-id *(xxx-attributes-tag xxx-attribute-sequence) end-of- attributes-tag data xxx-attribute-sequence = *compound-attribute xxx-attributes-tag = operation-attributes-tag / job-attributes-tag / printer-attributes-tag / unsupported-attributes-tag version-number = major-version-number minor-version-number major-version-number = SIGNED-BYTE ; initially %d1 minor-version-number = SIGNED-BYTE ; initially %d0 operation-id = SIGNED-SHORT ; mapping from model defined below status-code = SIGNED-SHORT ; mapping from model defined below request-id = SIGNED-INTEGER ; whose value is > 0 compound-attribute = attribute *additional-values Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 7] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 attribute = value-tag name-length name value-length value additional-values = value-tag zero-name-length value-length value name-length = SIGNED-SHORT ; number of octets of `name' name = LALPHA *( LALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_" / "." ) value-length = SIGNED-SHORT ; number of octets of `value' value = OCTET-STRING data = OCTET-STRING zero-name-length = %x00.00 ; name-length of 0 operation-attributes-tag = %x01 ; tag of 1 job-attributes-tag = %x02 ; tag of 2 printer-attributes-tag = %x04 ; tag of 4 unsupported- attributes-tag = %x05 ; tag of 5 end-of-attributes-tag = %x03 ; tag of 3 value-tag = %x10-FF SIGNED-BYTE = BYTE SIGNED-SHORT = 2BYTE SIGNED-INTEGER = 4BYTE DIGIT = %x30-39 ; "0" to "9" LALPHA = %x61-7A ; "a" to "z" BYTE = %x00-FF OCTET-STRING = *BYTE The syntax allows an xxx-attributes-tag to be present when the xxx- attribute-sequence that follows is empty. The syntax is defined this way to allow for the response of Get-Jobs where no attributes are returned for some job-objects. Although it is RECOMMENDED that the sender not send an xxx-attributes-tag if there are no attributes (except in the Get-Jobs response just mentioned), the receiver MUST be able to decode such syntax. 3.3 Version-number The version-number MUST consist of a major and minor version-number, each of which MUST be represented by a SIGNED-BYTE. The protocol described in this document MUST have a major version-number of 1 (0x01) and a minor version-number of 0 (0x00). The ABNF for these two bytes MUST be %x01.00. 3.4 Operation-id Operation-ids are defined as enums in the model document. An operation- ids enum value MUST be encoded as a SIGNED-SHORT Note: the values 0x4000 to 0xFFFF are reserved for private extensions. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 8] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 3.5 Status-code Status-codes are defined as enums in the model document. A status-code enum value MUST be encoded as a SIGNED-SHORT The status-code is an operation attribute in the model document. In the protocol, the status-code is in a special position, outside of the operation attributes. If an IPP status-code is returned, then the HTTP Status-Code MUST be 200 (successful-ok). With any other HTTP Status-Code value, the HTTP response MUST NOT contain an IPP message-body, and thus no IPP status- code is returned. 3.6 Request-id The request-id allows a client to match a response with a request. This mechanism is unnecessary in HTTP, but may be useful when application/ipp entity bodies are used in another context. The request-id in a response MUST be the value of the request-id received in the corresponding request. A client can set the request-id in each request to a unique value or a constant value, such as 1, depending on what the client does with the request-id returned in the response. The value of the request-id MUST be greater than zero. 3.7 Tags There are two kinds of tags: . delimiter tags: delimit major sections of the protocol, namely attributes and data . value tags: specify the type of each attribute value 3.7.1 Delimiter Tags The following table specifies the values for the delimiter tags: Tag Value (Hex) Delimiter 0x00 reserved 0x01 operation-attributes-tag 0x02 job-attributes-tag 0x03 end-of-attributes-tag 0x04 printer-attributes-tag 0x05 unsupported-attributes-tag 0x06-0x0e reserved for future delimiters 0x0F reserved for future chunking-end-of-attributes- tag Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 9] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 When an xxx-attributes-tag occurs in the protocol, it MUST mean that zero or more following attributes up to the next delimiter tag are attributes belonging to group xxx as defined in the model document, where xxx is operation, job, printer, unsupported. Doing substitution for xxx in the above paragraph, this means the following. When an operation-attributes-tag occurs in the protocol, it MUST mean that the zero or more following attributes up to the next delimiter tag are operation attributes as defined in the model document. When an job-attributes-tag occurs in the protocol, it MUST mean that the zero or more following attributes up to the next delimiter tag are job attributes or job template attributes as defined in the model document. When a printer-attributes-tag occurs in the protocol, it MUST mean that the zero or more following attributes up to the next delimiter tag are printer attributes as defined in the model document. When an unsupported- attributes-tag occurs in the protocol, it MUST mean that the zero or more following attributes up to the next delimiter tag are unsupported attributes as defined in the model document. The operation-attributes-tag and end-of-attributes-tag MUST each occur exactly once in an operation. The operation-attributes-tag MUST be the first tag delimiter, and the end-of-attributes-tag MUST be the last tag delimiter. If the operation has a document-content group, the document data in that group MUST follow the end-of-attributes-tag Each of the other three xxx-attributes-tags defined above is OPTIONAL in an operation and each MUST occur at most once in an operation, except for job-attributes-tag in a Get-Jobs response which may occur zero or more times. The order and presence of delimiter tags for each operation request and each operation response MUST be that defined in the model document. For further details, see section 3.9 "(Attribute) Name" and .section 9 "Appendix A: Protocol Examples" A Printer MUST treat the reserved delimiter tags differently from reserved value tags so that the Printer knows that there is an entire attribute group that it doesn't understand as opposed to a single value that it doesn't understand. 3.7.2 Value Tags The remaining tables show values for the value-tag, which is the first octet of an attribute. The value-tag specifies the type of the value of the attribute. The following table specifies the "out-of-band" values for the value-tag. Tag Value (Hex) Meaning 0x10 unsupported 0x11 reserved for future `default' 0x12 unknown Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 10] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Tag Value (Hex) Meaning 0x13 no-value 0x14-0x1F reserved for future "out-of-band" values. The "unsupported" value MUST be used in the attribute-sequence of an error response for those attributes which the printer does not support. The "default" value is reserved for future use of setting value back to their default value. The "unknown" value is used for the value of a supported attribute when its value is temporarily unknown. . The "no- value" value is used for a supported attribute to which no value has been assigned, e.g. "job-k-octets-supported" has no value if an implementation supports this attribute, but an administrator has not configured the printer to have a limit. The following table specifies the integer values for the value-tag Tag Value (Hex) Meaning 0x20 reserved 0x21 integer 0x22 boolean 0x23 enum 0x24-0x2F reserved for future integer types NOTE: 0x20 is reserved for "generic integer" if should ever be needed. The following table specifies the octetString values for the value-tag Tag Value (Hex) Meaning 0x30 octetString with an unspecified format 0x31 dateTime 0x32 resolution 0x33 rangeOfInteger 0x34 reserved for collection (in the future) 0x35 textWithLanguage 0x36 nameWithLanguage 0x37-0x3F reserved for future octetString types The following table specifies the character-string values for the value- tag Tag Value (Hex) Meaning 0x40 reserved 0x41 textWithoutLanguage 0x42 nameWithoutLanguage 0x43 reserved 0x44 keyword Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 11] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Tag Value (Hex) Meaning 0x45 uri 0x46 uriScheme 0x47 charset 0x48 naturalLanguage 0x49 mimeMediaType 0x4A-0x5F reserved for future character string types NOTE: 0x40 is reserved for "generic character-string" if should ever be needed. NOTE: an attribute value always has a type, which is explicitly specified by its tag; one such tag value is "nameWithoutLanguage". An attribute's name has an implicit type, which is keyword. The values 0x60-0xFF are reserved for future types. There are no values allocated for private extensions. A new type MUST be registered via the type 2 process. The tag 0x7F is reserved for extending types beyond the 255 values available with a single byte. A tag value of 0x7F MUST signify that the first 4 bytes of the value field are interpreted as the tag value. Note, this future extension doesn't affect parsers that are unaware of this special tag. The tag is like any other unknown tag, and the value length specifies the length of a value which contains a value that the parser treats atomically. All these 4 byte tag values are currently unallocated except that the values 0x40000000-0x7FFFFFFF are reserved for experimental use. 3.8 Name-Length The name-length field MUST consist of a SIGNED-SHORT. This field MUST specify the number of octets in the name field which follows the name- length field, excluding the two bytes of the name-length field. If a name-length field has a value of zero, the following name field MUST be empty, and the following value MUST be treated as an additional value for the preceding attribute. Within an attribute-sequence, if two attributes have the same name, the first occurrence MUST be ignored. The zero-length name is the only mechanism for multi-valued attributes. 3.9 (Attribute) Name Some operation elements are called parameters in the model document [ipp-mod]. They MUST be encoded in a special position and they MUST NOT appear as an operation attributes. These parameters are: . "version-number": The parameter named "version-number" in the IPP model document MUST become the "version-number" field in the operation layer request or response. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 12] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 . "operation-id": The parameter named "operation-id" in the IPP model document MUST become the "operation-id" field in the operation layer request. . "status-code": The parameter named "status-code" in the IPP model document MUST become the "status-code" field in the operation layer response. . "request-id": The parameter named "request-id" in the IPP model document MUST become the "request-id" field in the operation layer request or response. All Printer and Job objects are identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) [rfc1630] so that they can be persistently and unambiguously referenced. The notion of a URI is a useful concept, however, until the notion of URI is more stable (i.e., defined more completely and deployed more widely), it is expected that the URIs used for IPP objects will actually be URLs [rfc1738] [rfc1808]. Since every URL is a specialized form of a URI, even though the more generic term URI is used throughout the rest of this document, its usage is intended to cover the more specific notion of URL as well. Some operation elements are encoded twice, once as the request-URI on the HTTP Request-Line and a second time as a REQUIRED operation attribute in the application/ipp entity. These attributes are the target URI for the operation: . "printer-uri": When the target is a printer and the transport is HTTP or HTTPS (for TLS), the target printer-uri defined in each operation in the IPP model document MUST be an operation attribute called "printer-uri" and it MUST also be specified outside of the operation layer as the request-URI on the Request-Line at the HTTP level. . "job-uri": When the target is a job and the transport is HTTP or HTTPS (for TLS), the target job-uri of each operation in the IPP model document MUST be an operation attribute called "job-uri" and it MUST also be specified outside of the operation layer as the request-URI on the Request-Line at the HTTP level. Note: Because the target URI is included twice in an operation, the potential exists that these two values reference the same IPP object, but are not literally identical. One can be a relative URI and the other can be an absolute URI. HTTP/1.1 allows clients to generate and send a relative URI rather than an absolute URI. A relative URI identifies a resource with the scope of the HTTP server, but does not include scheme, host or port. The following statements characterize how URLs should be used in the mapping of IPP onto HTTP/1.1: 1. Although potentially redundant, a client MUST supply the target of the operation both as an Operation and as a URI at the HTTP layer. The rationale for this decision is to maintain a consistent set of rules for mapping IPP to possibly many communication layers, even where URLs are not used as the addressing mechanism. 2. Even though these two URLs might not be literally identical (one being relative and the other being absolute), they MUST both reference the same IPP object. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 13] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 3. The URI in the HTTP layer is either relative or absolute and is used by the HTTP server to route the HTTP request to the correct resource relative to that HTTP server. The HTTP server need not be aware of the URI within the operation request. 4. Once the HTTP server resource begins to process the HTTP request, it might get the reference to the appropriate IPP Printer object from either the HTTP URI (using to the context of the HTTP server for relative URLs) or from the URI within the operation request; the choice is up to the implementation. 5. HTTP URIs can be relative or absolute, but the target URI in the operation MUST be an absolute URI The model document arranges the remaining attributes into groups for each operation request and response. Each such group MUST be represented in the protocol by an xxx-attribute-sequence preceded by the appropriate xxx-attributes-tag (See the table below and section 9 "Appendix A: Protocol Examples"). In addition, the order of these xxx-attributes-tags and xxx-attribute-sequences in the protocol MUST be the same as in the model document, but the order of attributes within each xxx-attribute- sequence MUST be unspecified. The table below maps the model document group name to xxx-attributes-sequence Model Document Group xxx-attributes-sequence Operation Attributes operations-attributes-sequence Job Template Attributes job-attributes-sequence Job Object Attributes job-attributes-sequence Unsupported Attributes unsupported- attributes-sequence Requested Attributes (Get- job-attributes-sequence Job-Attributes) Requested Attributes (Get- printer-attributes-sequence Printer-Attributes) Document Content in a special position as described above If an operation contains attributes from more than one job object (e.g. Get-Jobs response), the attributes from each job object MUST be in a separate job-attribute-sequence, such that the attributes from the ith job object are in the ith job-attribute-sequence. See Section 9 "Appendix A: Protocol Examples" for table showing the application of the rules above. 3.10 Value Length Each attribute value MUST be preceded by a SIGNED-SHORT, which MUST specify the number of octets in the value which follows this length, exclusive of the two bytes specifying the length. For any of the types represented by binary signed integers, the sender MUST encode the value in exactly four octets.. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 14] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 For any of the types represented by character-strings, the sender MUST encode the value with all the characters of the string and without any padding characters. If a value-tag contains an "out-of-band" value, such as "unsupported", the value-length MUST be 0 and the value empty " the value has no meaning when the value-tag has an "out-of-band" value. If a client receives a response with a nonzero value-length in this case, it MUST ignore the value field. If a printer receives a request with a nonzero value-length in this case, it MUST reject the request. 3.11 (Attribute) Value The syntax types and most of the details of their representation are defined in the IPP model document. The table below augments the information in the model document, and defines the syntax types from the model document in terms of the 5 basic types defined in section 3 "Encoding of the Operation Layer". The 5 types are US-ASCII-STRING, LOCALIZED-STRING, SIGNED-INTEGER, SIGNED-SHORT, SIGNED-BYTE, and OCTET- STRING. Syntax of Attribute Encoding Value textWithoutLanguage, LOCALIZED-STRING. nameWithoutLanguage textWithLanguage OCTET"STRING consisting of 4 fields: a) a SIGNED-SHORT which is the number of octets in the following field b) a value of type natural-language, c) a SIGNED-SHORT which is the number of octets in the following field, d) a value of type textWithoutLanguage. The length of a textWithLanguage value MUST be 4 + the value of field a + the value of field c. nameWithLanguage OCTET"STRING consisting of 4 fields: a) a SIGNED-SHORT which is the number of octets in the following field b) a value of type natural-language, c) a SIGNED-SHORT which is the number of octets in the following field d) a value of type nameWithoutLanguage. The length of a nameWithLanguage value MUST be 4 + the value of field a + the value of field c. charset, US-ASCII-STRING naturalLanguage, mimeMediaType, Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 15] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Syntax of Attribute Encoding Value keyword, uri, and uriScheme boolean SIGNED-BYTE where 0x00 is `false' and 0x01 is `true' integer and enum a SIGNED-INTEGER dateTime OCTET-STRING consisting of eleven octets whose contents are defined by "DateAndTime" in RFC 1903 [rfc1903]. resolution OCTET"STRING consisting of nine octets of 2 SIGNED-INTEGERs followed by a SIGNED-BYTE. The first SIGNED-INTEGER contains the value of cross feed direction resolution . The second SIGNED- INTEGER contains the value of feed direction resolution. The SIGNED-BYTE contains the units value. rangeOfInteger Eight octets consisting of 2 SIGNED-INTEGERs. The first SIGNED-INTEGERs contains the lower bound and the second SIGNED-INTEGERs contains the upper bound. 1setOf X encoding according to the rules for an attribute with more than 1 value. Each value X is encoded according to the rules for encoding its type. octetString OCTET-STRING The type of the value in the model document determines the encoding in the value and the value of the value-tag. 3.12 Data The data part MUST include any data required by the operation 4. Encoding of Transport Layer HTTP/1.1 [rfc2068] and [draft-http] is the transport layer for this protocol The operation layer has been designed with the assumption that the transport layer contains the following information: . the URI of the target job or printer operation Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 16] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 . the total length of the data in the operation layer, either as a single length or as a sequence of chunks each with a length. It is REQUIRED that a printer implementation support HTTP over the IANA assigned Well Known Port 631 (the IPP default port), though a printer implementation may support HTTP over port some other port as well. In addition, a printer may have to support another port for privacy (See Section 5 "Security Considerations"). Note: even though port 631 is the IPP default, port 80 remains the default for an HTTP URI. Thus a URI for a printer using port 631 MUST contain an explicit port, e.g. "http://forest:631/pinetree". An HTTP URI for IPP with no explicit port implicitly reference port 80, which is consistent with the rules for HTTP/1.1. Each HTTP operation MUST use the POST method where the request-URI is the object target of the operation, and where the "Content-Type" of the message-body in each request and response MUST be "application/ipp". The message-body MUST contain the operation layer and MUST have the syntax described in section 3.2 "Syntax of Encoding". A client implementation MUST adhere to the rules for a client described for HTTP1.1 [rfc2068] . A printer (server) implementation MUST adhere the rules for an origin server described for HTTP1.1 [rfc2068] . An IPP server sends a response for each request that it receives. If an IPP server detects and error, it MAY send a response before it has read the entire request. If the HTTP layer of the IPP server completes processing the HTTP headers successfully, it MAY send an intermediate response, such as "100 Continue" with no IPP data before sending the IPP response. A client MUST expect such a variety of responses from an IPP server. For further information on HTTP/1.1, consult the HTTP documents [rfc2068] 5. Security Considerations The IPP Model document defines an IPP implementation with "privacy" as one that implements Transport Layer Security (TLS) Version 1.0. TLS meets the requirements for IPP security with regards to features such as mutual authentication and privacy (via encryption). The IPP Model document also outlines IPP-specific security considerations and should be the primary reference for security implications with regards to the IPP protocol itself. The IPP Model document defines an IPP implementation with "authentication" as one that implements the standard way for transporting IPP messages within HTTP 1.1. , These include the security considerations outlined in the HTTP 1.1 standard document [rfc2068] and Digest Authentication extension [rfc2069].. The current HTTP infrastructure supports HTTP over TCP port 80. IPP server implementations MUST offer IPP services using HTTP over the IANA assigned Well Known Port 631 (the IPP default port). IPP server implementations may support other ports, in addition to this port.. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 17] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 See further discussion of IPP security concepts in the model document 6. References [rfc822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARP Internet Text Messages", RFC 822, August 1982. [rfc1123] Braden, S., "Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and Support", RFC 1123, October, 1989, [rfc1179] McLaughlin, L. III, (editor), "Line Printer Daemon Protocol" RFC 1179, August 1990. [rfc1630] T. Berners-Lee, "Universal Resource Identifiers in WWW: A Unifying Syntax for the Expression of Names and Addresses of Objects on the Network as used in the Word-Wide Web", RFC 1630, June 1994. [rfc1759] Smith, R., Wright, F., Hastings, T., Zilles, S., and Gyllenskog, J., "Printer MIB", RFC 1759, March 1995. [rfc1738] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., McCahill, M. , "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December, 1994. [rfc1543] Postel, J., "Instructions to RFC Authors", RFC 1543, October 1993. [rfc1766] H. Alvestrand, " Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995. [rfc1808] R. Fielding, "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", RFC1808, June 1995 [rfc1903} J. Case, et al. "Textual Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1903, January 1996. [rfc2046] N. Freed & N. Borenstein, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types. November 1996. (Obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, RFC1590), RFC 2046. [rfc2048] N. Freed, J. Klensin & J. Postel. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures. November 1996. (Format: TXT=45033 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, RFC1590) (Also BCP0013), RFC 2048. [rfc2068] R Fielding, et al, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol " HTTP/1.1" RFC 2068, January 1997 [rfc2069] J. Franks, et al, "An Extension to HTTP: Digest Access Authentication" RFC 2069, January 1997 [rfc2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119 , March 1997 Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 18] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 [rfc2184] N. Freed, K. Moore, "MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, and Continuations", RFC 2184, August 1997, [rfc2234] D. Crocker et al., "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234. November 1997. [char] N. Freed, J. Postel: IANA Charset Registration Procedures, Work in Progress (draft-freed-charset-reg-02.txt). [dpa] ISO/IEC 10175 Document Printing Application (DPA), June 1996. [iana] IANA Registry of Coded Character Sets: ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in- notes/iana/assignments/character-sets [ipp-lpd] Herriot, R., Hastings, T., Jacobs, N., Martin, J., "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols", draft-ietf-ipp-lpd-ipp- map-05.txt, November 1998. [ipp-mod] R. deBry, T. Hastings, R. Herriot, S. Isaacson, P. Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics", , November, 1998. [ipp-pro] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P., Tuner, R., "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport", draft-ietf-ipp- pro-07.txt, November 1998. [ipp-rat] Zilles, S., "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol", draft-ietf-ipp- rat-04.txt, November 1998. [ipp-req] Wright, D., "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol", draft-ietf-ipp-req-03.txt, November, 1998. [ipp-iig] Hasting, Tom, et al., "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Implementer's Guide", draft-ietf-ipp-implementers-guide-00.txt, November 1998 7. Author's Address Robert Herriot (editor) Paul Moore Sun Microsystems Inc. Microsoft 901 San Antonio Road, MPK-17 One Microsoft Way Palo Alto, CA 94303 Redmond, WA 98053 Phone: 650-786-8995 Phone: 425-936-0908 Fax: 650-786-7077 Fax: 425-93MS-FAX Email: robert.herriot@eng.sun.com Email: paulmo@microsoft.com Sylvan Butler Randy Turner Hewlett-Packard Sharp Laboratories 11311 Chinden Blvd. 5750 NW Pacific Rim Blvd Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 19] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Boise, ID 83714 Camas, WA 98607 Phone: 208-396-6000 Phone: 360-817-8456 Fax: 208-396-3457 Fax: : 360-817-8436 Email: sbutler@boi.hp.com Email: rturner@sharplabs.com IPP Mailing List: ipp@pwg.org IPP Mailing List Subscription: ipp-request@pwg.org IPP Web Page: http://www.pwg.org/ipp/ 8. Other Participants: Chuck Adams - Tektronix Harry Lewis - IBM Ron Bergman - Dataproducts Tony Liao - Vivid Image Keith Carter - IBM David Manchala - Xerox Angelo Caruso - Xerox Carl-Uno Manros - Xerox Jeff Copeland - QMS Jay Martin - Underscore Roger Debry - IBM Larry Masinter - Xerox Lee Farrell - Canon Ira McDonald, Xerox Sue Gleeson - Digital Bob Pentecost - Hewlett-Packard Charles Gordon - Osicom Patrick Powell - SDSU Brian Grimshaw - Apple Jeff Rackowitz - Intermec Jerry Hadsell - IBM Xavier Riley - Xerox Richard Hart - Digital Gary Roberts - Ricoh Tom Hastings - Xerox Stuart Rowley - Kyocera Stephen Holmstead Richard Schneider - Epson Zhi-Hong Huang - Zenographics Shigern Ueda - Canon Scott Isaacson - Novell Bob Von Andel - Allegro Software Rich Lomicka - Digital William Wagner - Digital Products David Kellerman - Northlake Jasper Wong - Xionics Software Robert Kline - TrueSpectra Don Wright - Lexmark Dave Kuntz - Hewlett-Packard Rick Yardumian - Xerox Takami Kurono - Brother Lloyd Young - Lexmark Rich Landau - Digital Peter Zehler - Xerox Greg LeClair - Epson Frank Zhao - Panasonic Steve Zilles - Adobe 9. Appendix A: Protocol Examples 9.1 Print-Job Request The following is an example of a Print-Job request with job-name, copies, and sides specified. Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x0002 Print-Job operation-id 0x00000001 1 request-id Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 20] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attributes-tag 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x0008 value-length us-ascii US-ASCII value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural-language name natural- language 0x0005 value-length en-us en-US value 0x45 uri type value-tag 0x000B name-length printer-uri printer-uri name 0x001A value-length http://forest: printer pinetree value 631/pinetree 0x42 nameWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x0008 name-length job-name job-name name 0x0006 value-length foobar foobar value 0x02 start job-attributes job-attributes-tag 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x0006 name-length copies copies name 0x0004 value-length 0x00000014 20 value 0x44 keyword type value-tag 0x0005 name-length sides sides name 0x0013 value-length two-sided- two-sided-long-edge value long-edge 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag %!PS... data 9.2 Print-Job Response (successful) Here is an example of a Print-Job response which is successful: Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x0000 successful-ok status-code 0x00000001 1 request-id 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attributes-tag Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 21] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x0008 value-length us-ascii US-ASCII value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural- name natural-language language 0x0005 value-length en-us en-US value 0x41 textWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x000E name-length status-message status-message name 0x0002 value-length OK OK value 0x02 start job-attributes job-attributes-tag 0x21 integer value-tag 0x0006 name-length job-id job-id name 0x0004 value-length 147 147 value 0x45 uri type value-tag 0x0007 name-length job-uri job-uri name 0x001E value-length http://forest:63 job 123 on pinetree value 1/pinetree/123 0x42 nameWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x0009 name-length job-state job-state name 0x0004 value-length 0x0003 pending value 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag 9.3 Print-Job Response (failure) Here is an example of a Print-Job response which fails because the printer does not support sides and because the value 20 for copies is not supported: Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x0400 client-error-bad-request status-code 0x00000001 1 request-id 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attribute tag 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 22] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x0008 value-length us-ascii US-ASCII value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- name natural- attributes-natural-language language 0x0005 value-length en-us en-US value 0x41 textWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x000E name-length status- status-message name message 0x000B value-length bad-request bad-request value 0x05 start unsupported-attributes unsupported-attributes tag 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x000C name-length job-k-octets job-k-octets name 0x0004 value-length 0x001000000 16777216 value 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x0006 name-length copies copies name 0x0004 value-length 0x00000014 20 value 0x10 unsupported (type) value-tag 0x0005 name-length sides sides name 0x0000 value-length 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag 9.4 Print-URI Request The following is an example of Print-URI request with copies and job- name parameters. Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x0003 Print-URI operation-id 0x00000001 1 request-id 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attributes-tag 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x0008 value-length us-ascii US-ASCII value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 23] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural-language name natural- language 0x0005 value-length en-us en-US value 0x45 uri type value-tag 0x000B name-length printer-uri printer-uri name 0x001A value-length http://forest printer pinetree value :631/pinetree 0x45 uri type value-tag 0x000C name-length document-uri document-uri name 0x11 value-length ftp://foo.com ftp://foo.com/foo value /foo 0x42 nameWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x0008 name-length job-name job-name name 0x0006 value-length foobar foobar value 0x02 start job-attributes job-attributes-tag 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x0006 name-length copies copies name 0x0004 value-length 0x00000001 1 value 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag 9.5 Create-Job Request The following is an example of Create-Job request with no parameters and no attributes Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x0005 Create-Job operation-id 0x00000001 1 request-id 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attributes-tag 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x0008 value-length us-ascii US-ASCII value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural-language name natural- language 0x0005 value-length Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 24] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field en-us en-US value 0x45 uri type value-tag 0x000B name-length printer-uri printer-uri name 0x001A value-length http://forest: printer pinetree value 631/pinetree 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag 9.6 Get-Jobs Request The following is an example of Get-Jobs request with parameters but no attributes. Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x000A Get-Jobs operation-id 0x00000123 0x123 request-id 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attributes-tag 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x0008 value-length us-ascii US-ASCII value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural-language name natural- language 0x0005 value-length en-us en-US value 0x45 uri type value-tag 0x000B name-length printer-uri printer-uri name 0x001A value-length http://forest:6 printer pinetree value 31/pinetree 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x0005 name-length limit limit name 0x0004 value-length 0x00000032 50 value 0x44 keyword type value-tag 0x0014 name-length requested- requested-attributes name attributes 0x0006 value-length job-id job-id value 0x44 keyword type value-tag 0x0000 additional value name-length 0x0008 value-length job-name job-name value Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 25] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x44 keyword type value-tag 0x0000 additional value name-length 0x000F value-length document-format document-format value 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag 9.7 Get-Jobs Response The following is an of Get-Jobs response from previous request with 3 jobs. The Printer returns no information about the second job. Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field 0x0100 1.0 version-number 0x0000 successful-ok status-code 0x00000123 0x123 request-id (echoed back) 0x01 start operation-attributes operation-attribute-tag 0x47 charset type value-tag 0x0012 name-length attributes- attributes-charset name charset 0x000A value-length ISO-8859-1 ISO-8859-1 value 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural-language name natural- language 0x0005 value-length en-us en-US value 0x41 textWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x000E name-length status-message status-message name 0x0002 value-length OK OK value 0x02 start job-attributes (1st job-attributes-tag object) 0x48 natural-language type value-tag 0x001B name-length attributes- attributes-natural-language name natural- language 0x0005 value-length fr-CA fr-CA value 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x0006 name-length job-id job-id name 0x0004 value-length 147 147 value 0x42 nameWithoutLanguage type value-tag 0x0008 name-length job-name job-name name 0x0003 name-length Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 26] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 Octets Symbolic Value Protocol field fou fou name 0x02 start job-attributes (2nd job-attributes-tag object) 0x02 start job-attributes (3rd job-attributes-tag object) 0x21 integer type value-tag 0x0006 name-length job-id job-id name 0x0004 value-length 148 148 value 0x36 nameWithLanguage value-tag 0x0008 name-length job-name job-name name 0x0012 value-length 0x0005 sub-value-length de-CH de-CH value 0x0009 sub-value-length isch guet isch guet name 0x03 end-of-attributes end-of-attributes-tag 10. Appendix B: Hints to implementers using IPP with SSL3 WARNING: Clients and IPP objects using intermediate secure connection protocol solutions such as IPP in combination with Secure Socket Layer Version 3 (SSL3), which are developed in advance of IPP and TLS standardization, might not be interoperable with IPP and TLS standards- conforming clients and IPP objects. An assumption is that the URI for a secure IPP Printer object has been found by means outside the IPP printing protocol, via a directory service, web site or other means. IPP provides a transparent connection to SSL by calling the corresponding URL (a https URI connects by default to port 443). However, the following functions can be provided to ease the integration of IPP with SSL during implementation. connect (URI), returns a status. "connect" makes an https call and returns the immediate status of the connection as returned by SSL to the user. The status values are explained in section 5.4.2 of the SSL document [ssl]. A session-id may also be retained to later resume a session. The SSL handshake protocol may also require the cipher specifications supported by the client, key length of the ciphers, compression methods, certificates, etc. These should be sent to the server and hence should be available to the IPP client (although as part of administration features). disconnect (session) to disconnect a particular session. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 27] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 The session-id available from the "connect" could be used. resume (session) to reconnect using a previous session-id. The availability of this information as administration features are left for implementers, and need not be standardized at this time 11. Appendix C: Registration of MIME Media Type Information for "application/ipp" This appendix contains the information that IANA requires for registering a MIME media type. The information following this paragraph will be forwarded to IANA to register application/ipp whose contents are defined in Section 3 "Encoding of the Operation Layer" in this document. MIME type name: application MIME subtype name: ipp A Content-Type of "application/ipp" indicates an Internet Printing Protocol message body (request or response). Currently there is one version: IPP/1.0, whose syntax is described in Section 3 "Encoding of the Operation Layer" of [ipp-pro], and whose semantics are described in [ipp-mod] Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none Encoding considerations: IPP/1.0 protocol requests/responses MAY contain long lines and ALWAYS contain binary data (for example attribute value lengths). Security considerations: IPP/1.0 protocol requests/responses do not introduce any security risks not already inherent in the underlying transport protocols. Protocol mixed-version interworking rules in [ipp-mod] as well as protocol encoding rules in [ipp-pro] are complete and unambiguous. Interoperability considerations: IPP/1.0 requests (generated by clients) and responses (generated by servers) MUST comply with all conformance requirements imposed by the normative specifications [ipp-mod] and [ipp-pro]. Protocol encoding rules specified in [ipp-pro] are comprehensive, so that interoperability between conforming implementations is guaranteed (although support for specific optional features is not ensured). Both the "charset" and "natural-language" of all IPP/1.0 attribute values which are a Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 28] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 LOCALIZED-STRING are explicit within IPP protocol requests/responses (without recourse to any external information in HTTP, SMTP, or other message transport headers). Published specification: [ipp-mod] Isaacson, S., deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R., Powell, P., "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics" draft-ietf-ipp-mod-10.txt, June, 1998. [ipp-pro] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P., Tuner, R., "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport", draft-ietf-ipp- pro-06.txt, June, 1998. Applications which use this media type: Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) print clients and print servers, communicating using HTTP/1.1 (see [IPP-PRO]), SMTP/ESMTP, FTP, or other transport protocol. Messages of type "application/ipp" are self- contained and transport-independent, including "charset" and "natural- language" context for any LOCALIZED-STRING value. Person & email address to contact for further information: Scott A. Isaacson Novell, Inc. 122 E 1700 S Provo, UT 84606 Phone: 801-861-7366 Fax: 801-861-4025 Email: sisaacson@novell.com or Robert Herriot Sun Microsystems Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, MPK-17 Palo Alto, CA 94303 Phone: 650-786-8995 Fax: 650-786-7077 Email: robert.herriot@eng.sun.com Intended usage: COMMON 12. Appendix D: Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C)The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 29] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998 INTERNET-DRAFT IPP/1.0: Encoding and Transport November 16, 1998 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Herriot, Butler, November 16, 1998, [Page 30] Moore and Turner Expires May 16, 1998